RED MEMORY

The former China correspondent for the Guardian explores the “cumulative forgetting” of the devastations of the Cultural Revolution.

London-based journalist Branigan, who lived in China from 2008 until recently, delivers a series of poignant, engaging stories that reveal the deep scars left by the Cultural Revolution, which radiated violently across the country from “Red August” 1966 to 1976. Across a beautifully rendered text, the author astutely examines the Maoist ideology that drove the tumultuous class struggle and destruction, leading to the deaths “of as many as 2 million for their supposed political sins and another 36 million hounded.” Prompted to explore the history more deeply after viewing artist Xu Weixin’s exhibit of huge portraits in Beijing of those who “had played a part in this madness, as victim or perpetrator; often both,” Branigan digs into numerous vivid personal tales. Many were teenagers at the time, and some were children of the political elite; they responded to Mao’s direct appeal to “be martial” by becoming zealous devotees of the Red Guard. They inflicted violence on their teachers and denounced their parents, all in the name of destroying the “Four Olds”—old ideas, old culture, old customs, old habits. Many of the perpetrators, including current leader Xi Jinping, would later be disgraced themselves, sent to reeducation camps in rural communities for years afterward. Only Mao’s death and the ousting of the Gang of Four would end the mayhem. Throughout this sensitive, well-researched narrative, Branigan delicately delves into these shattered lives. Many of her subjects are still searching for justice or recognition, while others remain nostalgic for their patriotic youth. The author notes that while the hysteria and fanaticism of the time “forged modern China,” the events are rarely discussed today—even as the trauma continues to resonate deeply.

A heartbreaking, revelatory evocation of “the decade that cleaved modern China in two.”